Plant-Based Approach to Combating Dengue Fever: Active Compounds, Immunotargets and Mechanism of Actions
Authors: ENITAN Samson , Akele Y, Iduh Michael Unata
Journal: Acta Elit Salutis
ISSN Number: 26751208
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Abstract
Dengue fever remains a global health threat, particularly in tropical regions where effective vaccines or antiviral treatments are not available. This review explores plant-based approaches as a promising approach to dengue treatment, focusing on bioactive compounds, immunological targets, and mechanisms of action. Objective: To explore the therapeutic potential of herbal medicines in the management of dengue fever, highlighting their antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Methods: This review conducted a comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed articles on medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in relation to dengue fever. Results: Plants such as Andrographis paniculata , Azadirachta indica , Carica papaya , Curcuma longa , Tinospora cordifolia , and Euphorbia hirta contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. These compounds inhibit viral replication, modulate immune responses, and target critical immunological targets, including viral proteins and cytokine production. For example, quercetin suppresses viral replication, while berberine reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially reducing dengue complications. Terpenoids, with their anti-inflammatory properties, can mitigate excessive immune activation. Saponins can enhance antiviral defenses, decreasing viral load and disease severity. Conclusion: Herbal medicines offer significant potential as adjunctive therapies for dengue, with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. However, challenges related to standardization, quality control, and variability in active compound concentrations must be addressed to ensure clinical applications. Integrating herbal medicines with conventional therapies may provide effective and sustainable strategies for dengue management globally.
